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Good Friday with Jesus of Guruve

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Debra Matabvu in Guruve

One Friday, some 2 000 years ago, darkness engulfed Earth from noon to 3pm.

The Lord hung on the cross, a crown of thorns upon his head, with blood dripping from his brow and temples.

He gave up His spirit, only to resurrect on the third day and show Himself to His disciples.

Mai Maria holding Dillard, Tepsy’s doll
Mai Maria holding Dillard, Tepsy’s doll

Though the Bible tells us that Jesus has since taken His place next to the Father, the Mudzimu Unoyera Sect in Mashonaland Central’s Guruve District believes he or she, rather lives in Zimbabwe.

And for that reason, Easter has a different signicance for them.

The sect is headquartered in Chatiza Village, 22km south of Guruve Business Centre, and The Sunday Mail visited them on Good Friday.

When we arrived, barefooted women of all ages, clad in khaki trousers and hats, white blouses and wooden necklaces were milling around what resembled a compound.

A boy and an elderly man inquired on our mission, disappeared into one of the huts and returned 10 minutes later to usher us into the temple.

The throng made one uneasy.

Titinoia Pirida, their language, as I later learnt, intercoursed with various voices, finding expression in unfamiliar songs. It is their medium of communication, and work is underway to produce a bible in that language.

As we went along, I kept swallowing the impulse to ask, “So, where is Jesus?”

A strange and equally intriguing form offered a distraction each time the urgency of that question emerged.

At the temple’s entrance was a carving of a three-headed snake and a small boat. The snake, I was told, represents the Holy Trinity, while the boat was just a gift.

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The inside of the temple is painted blue, and drawings and sculptures of huge snakes, fish and hippopotami fill the walls.

There are also inscriptions like “nyoka huru yemugungwa, tipeiwo mvura” and others in Titinoia Pirida.

The singing suddenly stopped at the instruction of a female voice that came from behind a curtain.

As the curtain was slowly drawn, steel bars nailed to the wall began to show, and the full frame of a cage suspended about two-and-half metres above the ground appeared. Beneath the cage was a small pond with fish swimming about. And in the cage was a woman draped in a blanket, lying on a bed, and beside her was a doll that could easily be mistaken for a real baby.

Though I had known of this sect’s existence, I hadn’t prepared for all of this. Numbing fear, bewildering culticism.

The woman asked our crew to produce ID cards and we complied after her instructions had been translated from Titinoia Pirida into Shona.

Moving steathily, she got out of the cage and came to us.

I thought I would see “Jesus”, but this was only “his mother”. “The Lord”, we were told, was not around.

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Clad in white trousers, she introduced herself as Mai Maria (Mother Mary). Her real name is Mrs Entrance Nyanyete.

“I had forgotten that it is Easter. You have actually reminded me of my child’s death,” she said, sobbing. “This is actually one of the most painful times of my life as it reminds me of the time white people overseas killed my child.”

Her husband, known as “Baba Josefa” (Father Joseph), interjected: “You came here to ask about our Easter celebrations. See how painful it is to her? It is painful to celebrate because this is the day Jesus was killed.”

The gathering once again sang as one follower, Mary, wiped “Mai Maria’s” tears and sprinkled deodorant on her clothes.

The lyrics to the song had words like kechitino, kisdond, sobhiko and wanisa jethina — words that obviously have a meaning to them.

“Mai Maria” said Jesus died 2 000 years ago and was reincarnated as Emmanuel Dzanagare Mudyiwa in 1939.

Mudyiwa died in 1989 and the spirit found abode in her then six-year-old daughter, Tepsy Nyanyete, in 1998.

The sect believes Tepsy is Jesus, and refer to her as Jepsy Nyanyete, Jekia Mambo, Tenzi or Ishe Jesu.

Zimbabweans have come to know her as “Girl Jesus”. She is no girl now. She is 24-years-old.

The arrest of “Mai Maria” and “Baba Josefa” years back for assaulting police officers who were rescuing 160 children at the shrine has not tempered the enthusiasm of followers.

Mrs Nyanyete said: “For us, every Friday is Easter and we remember how they killed my child many years back. We celebrate it in our own way, with our own rituals, which include crying, singing and dancing.

“We are, however, grateful that Jesus came back, and this time, she will not die. She is not going away anymore. She is set to live forever and rule the earth.”

She claimed that “Jesus” had performed numerous miracles like raising some of her followers from the dead.

A young man known as “Razaro” (Lazarus) was at hand to give a testimony, but “Mai Maria” took over and related the “resurrection”.

Among the crowd were other Biblically-inspired characters: a long-haired chap known as Samson, “Mary Magdalene” and “Abraham”.

“Mai Maria” took us to “Jesus”, bedroom where a cot, diapers, baby clothes and blankets were neatly arranged. Pretty strange for a 24-year-old.

She explained her daughter’s passion for dolls and “introduced” us to one named Dillard.

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Bringing an Easter smile to Chivhu

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Linda Mzapi recently in Chivhu

The Easter season culminates in the celebration that is Easter Sunday, which is a time when many people get together with friends and family to share a meal and a drink.

The holiday, one of the oldest and most important festivals on the Christian calendar, is a time of remembering how Christ gave his life – hence it is the time for giving.

Last week in commemoration of Easter, 15 youths travelled for over 200km from Harare to Chikomba Central in Chivhu to celebrate the holiday with the disabled in that community.

Green Light International Trust is a non-profit organisation founded in 2014, whose core mandate is to help disadvantaged people such as the disabled and needy and is under the directorship of Tawanda Makwiramiti.

The “Bring-A-Smile” programme saw over 30 people receiving early Easter gifts, not from their family members but from the determined young people.

The initiative is a unique step towards improving the life of disabled people as they can now go to public places using their wheelchairs and crutches and not being left feeling lonely or as doormats of society.

In his speech, Makwiramiti highlighted the vision that he has had since he was 19, which is to help the disabled.

“I long to help the disabled and my vision is to do more in the society. If you are disabled, don’t just say I am disabled because you will remain a victim.

“If you have one hand don’t sit and beg, use it to do something. Disability does not mean inability, if you sit and wait for someone to help you will fall prey.”

Makwiramiti encouraged the disabled to nurture their talents. “I urge the disabled to develop their God-given gift and use it knowing quite well that disability does not mean inability.”

Among the beneficiaries of wheelchairs was Mrs Rachel Ndoro, who lost both legs years ago but never lost hope as she now engages in knitting mats and blankets for a living.

“I did not lose hope, I use my hands to earn a living and I take pride in Green Light which has given me a wheelchair, tomorrow I will be able to go to church,” she said.

Shuwa Matuku, another beneficiary, will also release his album before the end of the year with the help of award-winning artiste, Mukudzei Mukombe, popularly known as Jah Prayzah, who is one of GLIT’s Board of Trustees.

Jah Prayzah said that as a member of the GLIT family, he is happy to be changing the lives of the disabled.

“Our purpose is to transform the lives of the disabled and make them believe in themselves. Shuwa is very talented and I am very happy to be helping him together with his team mates in coming up with their album.”

Edmore Kandira, in his speech, drew closer attention to the miserable situations of children who cannot go to school because they are disabled and thanked GLIT for having such a good, selfless heart.

“Children as young as eight cannot go to school because they are disabled. I would like to thank Makwiramiti and his team for such an initiative,” he said.

He donated US$400 for the transportation of the wheel chairs and crutches from South Africa.

Mrs Molline Chikerema, representing the district’s education department, expressed gratitude towards GLIT.

“We appreciate the help which towards the disabled children to enable them to go to school and the statement disability is not inability will be reflected.

“They are disabled because circumstances beyond their control so we should help them and not quarantine them,” she said.

Recently the organisation donated wheelchairs and some basic foodstuffs to the physically challenged persons and other under-privileged people in Norton under the same theme, “Bring-A-Smile”.

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Tourists fear one of Zim’s finest destinations

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While Zimbabwe recorded a nine percent increase in tourist arrivals in 2015, stakeholders in the hospitality sector say the beautiful and scenic Nyanga has not benefitted much from the arrivals.

According to the Zimbabwe Tourism Authority, arrivals were up to 930 276 from 876 163 in the first half of 2015, with the increase mostly driven by a rise in visitors from mainland Africa.Over the years, tourists visited Nyanga in droves to partake in such activities as hiking, mountain climbing, kayaking and viewing wonders like waterfalls, Mount Nyangani and the Ziwa ruins, among other places.

Although the actual number of tourists that visited Nyanga this year could not be ascertained, hospitality industry sources maintained that the number had fallen.

A recent visit to Nyanga by The Sunday Mail Extra showed activities linked to tourism are at what local hospitality industry officials called “an all-time low”.

Nyamhuka Artefact Village, which used to be a hive of activity, was practically deserted with overgrown grass being the most prominent feature.

Mr Alfred Saunyama, one of the few people selling their wares, said he last served a customer “a long time ago”.

“The tourists are just not coming. In the past, business was brisk. I am here because I have nothing else to do,” Mr Saunyama said.

As a result of low arrivals, two of Nyanga’s most prominent hotels no longer offer casino services, and occupancy rates across establishments are low.

Mr Zefania Jaravaza, the Nyanga Rural District Council CEO, attributed the low tourist arrivals to a number of factors, chief among them the “bad” publicity emanating from the mysterious disappearances of tourists on Mt Nyangani.

“In the past few years, we have had several tourists disappearing without trace in the Nyangani Mountain, earning us bad publicity in the process. As a result of the publicity, tourists are shying away from Nyanga,” Mr Jaravaza said.

Last year, a British tourist recounted to the world how he wandered for days in the mountain, further tarnishing the image of this prime tourist destination.

Mr Jaravaza also attributed the low arrivals to the unavailability of air transport to link Nyanga with other parts of Zimbabwe.The urban settlement has three aerodromes, all of which are not functional.“We might want to blame the low tourist activities to disappearances at Mount Nyangani but our road network is equally to blame.

The road is in such a bad state that tourists are discouraged from visiting,” added Mr Jaravaza.

The absence of an air service means tourists from major markets have to drive from Harare, Beitbridge and Victoria Falls, the country’s major entry ports.

Research shows that 81 percent of Chinese arrivals entered Zimbabwe through Harare International Airport, followed by Victoria Falls with five percent.

According to the ZTA, most tourist arrivals come through Beitbridge (71 percent) and Harare International Airport (12 percent).

Nyanga has many tourist attractions, among them Rhodes Hotel, the Pungwe and Mtarazi falls and the Nyangwe pit villages, among other attractions.

Gaerezi River is a favourite place for those into kayaking.

Tourist arrivals are, however, not only low in Nyanga.

Mr Karikoga Kaseke, the ZTA chief executive officer, said the country as a whole was not doing very well in major source markets, adding that there was poor destination accessibility.

Addressing delegates at the 2016 Tourisn Convention in Victoria Falls, Mr Kaseke said there was often poor quality and a lack of diversity in the tourism sector.

“Zimbabwe has become a very expensive destination vis-a vis our competitors in the region. There is very poor service in the tourism industry and personnel lacks passion in serving customers, a major key success in the tourism business,” Mr Kaseke said.

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ldol worshipping?

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As Christianity continues to spread in society, many African Christians find themselves confused on whether observing their totems and tribes is contradicting their Christian beliefs or not.

According to crystal-cure.com, a totem is any natural or mythical animal to whom one feels a close connection during their life or some particular period of their life.

It is believed that the energy of the totem animal is relevant to one’s personality or circumstances in life as the totem is connected to a person’s spirit.

Research has shown that natives of many countries have animal spirits that play an important part in their lives. For instance, in Chinese and western astrology, most of the signs are animals, hence

Christianity’s discouragement in totems.

Could totems be related to idolatry?

Does acknowledging one’s totem translate to veneration or worship?

While totems, tribes and ancestors are central to the way of life among black Africans, there is a thin line between just believing in them and the African Traditional Religion.

As a result, many African believers remain confused on what to follow.

A religion scholar, Professor Ezra Chitando said totems are a form of identity. He argued that Africans should not lose their identity due to Christianity.

“A totem is more about who I am because at the centre of a totem is identity. Some conservative Christians argue that it keeps us in the African Traditional Religion and dismiss it but some say it is their cultural identity and so they don’t mind observing it alongside their Christian beliefs.

“ldentity is critical and cannot go away because of Christianity, Bahai faith or any other faith. We relate on the basis of totems,” Prof Chitando explained.

“Some say that Africans do not worship but acknowledge through totems but some argue that veneration is an act of worship,” he added.

Prof Chitando drew similarities of this culture with the lineage of Christ, which he said is well traced in the Gospel of Matthew.

“Tribes and different totems come from the background. When you go to Matthew, we have the genealogy of Jesus. He was culturally embedded, but not that He was downgrading his divinity. He was circumcised at the age of 13 and that also proves that He was culturally embedded,” Prof Chitando said.

A young Christian believer who preferred anonymity said, “It is funny how African cultures are questioned but Western cultures like Valentine’s Day are quickly accepted into Christianity.”

University of Zimbabwe lecturer, Professor Claude Mararike who is also chairman in the university’s Department of Sociology said totems and tribes are related.

He said tribes bear the history of the person’s background.

He highlighted that totems show what one identifies with and their lineage.

“Our totems vary; some respect wild animals, some birds, some creatures in the seas like fish, crocodiles, snakes and other creatures on earth.

“The reason being to differentiate people and how their roots relate so that they are able to marry. Totems help us identify where we are similar and where we differ. On the other side, it was a way of safeguarding the animals from being killed.

“When you praise singing using a totem, pastors think that is ancestral spirits worshiping, which is contradictory to worshipping Jesus. That’s why some churches say the issue of tribes is demonic.

“Praise singing is about being grateful, that is our prayer. When a person has done well, we thank them with their totem. But what’s wrong about one’s tribe? It’s good because that’s where I came from, there is nothing bad there. A person didn’t just fall from heaven,” he added.

Prof Mararike said when a woman prepares a meal, people thank her using her totem while clapping hands before and after the meal.

“We also thank the strength that has used because it has come from somewhere. It comes from those who gave birth to you, we also thank them.

“We thank the person who took care of you, those we think they take care of you even today. The ancestral spirits from the mother and father are the ones who gave birth to you so there shouldn’t be any contradictions there. The whites wanted to destroy that part of our culture.”

“It is just like a phone, when you get to some place, there is no network. You can’t get through to that number. Your ancestors and all have been erased, that line isn’t working anymore. But erasing that is equal to erasing the essence of being a black person. How do you know your relative, how do you marry, and how do you relate?

“As black people, blood relations are very important to us. That you are my sister, nephew, sister-in-law and so forth is important. It all comes from our blood relations, tribes and totems.”

Prof Mararike passionately spoke of the double standards that exist in some churches. He said some churches are allowing their members to observe some traditional practices such as bringing the spirit of the dead into the home by rephrasing it to tombstone unveiling.

Prof Mararike added that Christianity is following spiritual relationships but ignoring the importance of blood relations.

“Some churches refer to tribes as demons. That is not true. We are talking of our tribes and they are good. Even Jesus had his tribe written in the Bible, Moses too and all those we read. So tribes only mean that you are from Aaron’s priestly tribe. Where do you come from?

“Those who say its demonic are lost. It’s just like someone who says I don’t eat pork but l can eat the soup,” said Prof Mararike.

Prof Mararike said it is possible to follow both their cultural and Christian beliefs as both seek the moral uprightness of an individual.

“We need to admit that a belief has come among a people who have their own culture. Therefore, they can choose the similarities between their culture and Christianity and follow that. Religions should co-exist, choosing what’s good or bad should be left to God,” Prof Mararike noted.

In one of his articles on totems, Zimbabwe National Practitioners Association president, Sekuru Friday Chisanyu said, “Christians are discouraged from believing in African totems and clans, yet they are African people. Zimbabweans are told that participating in any traditional ritual involving totems, clans and traditional medicine practice is a sin. Belief in witchcraft is meant to destroy the African Traditional Religion, medicines, crops and culture.

An online source states that totems among the Shona people have nothing to do with animal worshipping.

“Shona totems are also not considered to be or associated with anything to do with watching over a person or group thereof. Shona religious practices generally do not involve the totem and where totems are mentioned it is usually only through praise poetry that uses the totem’s praise name (chidawo),” Mutupo.com notes.

Leader of the Pentecostal Assemblies of Zimbabwe, Bishop Trevor Manhanga said there is no biblical contradiction in observing totems.

“I see no biblical contradiction in observing totems whilst maintaining Christianity. Acknowledging one’s totem is not venerating it. It is a simple acknowledgement of who you are and is akin to what the Apostle Paul did when he says in Phillippians 3:5,

‘I was circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; in regard to the law, a Pharisee.’

“What Paul does is acknowledge his family and tribal and ancestral lineage. That did not in any way contradict his Christianity,” Bishop Manhanga said.

In the New Testament, 1 John 5:21 says, “Little children, guard yourselves from idols,” and in 1 Thessalonians 1:9-10, the Bible describes a new life in Christ, “You turned to God from idols to serve the living and true God.”

Acts 17 tells the story of Paul in Athens, and how his spirit was “troubled within him when he saw that the city was full of idols,” (Acts 17:16).

Email feedback at fatima.bulla@zimpapers.co.zw or tweet @BullaFatima.

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The myth of the Nyangani Curse

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Despite the fact that Nyanga presents immense investment opportunities in timber, energy, trout fishing and tourism, the urban settlement remains largely undeveloped. Without industrial activity, it remains a purely residential settlement with the majority of residents working as civil servants.

Our Reporter Tendai Chara was recently in Nyanga and interviewed Mr Zefania Jaravaza, the Nyanga Rural District Council CEO who – among other issues – spoke about the “Mount Nyangani Curse,” a hex he believes is dissuades tourists from coming to the area.

Q: What is stopping Nyanga from attaining town status?

A: It is not a matter of when we are going to attain the status but the issue is whether we are going to maintain that status if it is granted. We do not have any industries here and the majority of the people are civil servants with the rest being in the informal sector. The residents are struggling to pay the rates. We have, however, resolved to apply for town status and I am sure we can meet the requirements.

 

Q: Nyanga is one of the country’s prime tourist destinations and presents investment opportunities in timber, trout fishing and power generation, are you satisfied with the tourist arrivals and the level of economic activity?

A: Tourist arrivals have of late been decreasing primarily due to the negative publicity generated from the disappearances of tourists at Mount Nyangani. This, to me, is a sort of some curse. Our roads are, however, in bad conditions and this might be a factor that is contributing to the low arrivals. Nyanga does not have an aerodrome and this makes travel very difficult for tourists. The artefact village at Nyamhuka is practically deserted and the hotel occupancy is at its lowest.

 

Q: What are some of the investment opportunities that potential investors can pursue?

A: Nyanga is known for its soft timber. In my view, timber must not be transported to such places as Harare in its raw state. Instead, it must be processed here. Government must declare Nyanga a special economic zone. Opportunities are there in the agro-processing industry. We are blessed with weather conditions that are favourable to the production of high-grade potatoes, apples, plums and leaches, among others. These must be processed here as opposed to being ferried in their raw state.

Nyanga is also a trout fish-producing area and investors can set up trout caning industries as opposed to transporting raw fish. Investors can also venture into the power generating sector. The solar energy sector can also be tapped into. One of Nyanga’s major strength lies in its abundant water resources. We have two major rivers – the Gairezi and Nyamombe – and these are perennial sources of water. If dams are constructed, such areas as Mutoko and Mudzi can also benefit. Our neighbours in Mozambique often complain that the water that we are not harvesting is causing flash floods. Nyanga must not be this poor.

 

Q: Have you been able to satisfy your housing requirements?

A: We are capable of providing housing but the challenge that we are facing is that people from across the country are eager to own houses in Nyanga due to the favourable weather conditions. We currently have 3 357 people on our low and medium-density housing waiting list. A total of 3 911 are on the high-density waiting list.

As a council, we are currently servicing stands in Nyangani Park Extension and 800 families are set to benefit. Nyanga has one of the lowest rates in the country, with home-owners paying a total of $7 per month. This amount goes towards sewage reticulation, refuse collection and public lighting. Some of our tenants are, however, not paying up and we are owed US$583 732 in unpaid rates.

One of our biggest challenges is the unavailability of land for housing development. In the past, we were forced to acquire land in Sedze and Hanga communal areas but the traditional leaders are not eager to release the land.

For a high-density residential stand, we charge US$4 per square metre with low-density area stands selling for US$6 per square metre. These are some of the lowest rates in the country.

 

A: What does the future hold for Nyanga?

Q: The future looks bright. All we need to do is to patch up a few grey areas. We have three banks, a building society and district hospital. In terms of infrastructure, we are bigger than Mutoko and Mvurwi, two urban settlements that were recently granted town status.

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Sadc moves closer to renewable energy centre

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Joseph Ngwawi

The long-awaited centre to promote the utilisation of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency initiatives in Southern Africa is expected to be officially launched by June following the completion of the process of selecting a host nation and the appointment of secretariat staff.

According to Nokwazi Moyo, the interim co-ordinator, the organisation will be launched after the ongoing process to formalise the establishment of the body is completed.

The Sadc Centre for Renewable and Energy and Energy Efficiency (Sacreee) is hosted by Namibia, and based in Windhoek at the Namibia University of Science and Technology.

“We need to finalise the legal processes to formalise the establishment of Sacree in Namibia,” Moyo told members of the SADC Energy Thematic Group who met in Gaborone, Botswana recently.

The management team will be headed by an executive director appointed by the executive board and will consist of various levels of permanent staff to be complemented by consultants and seconded international staff as may be deemed necessary from time to time.

The selection process for the executive director and the “target date for commencement of duty of the person appointed is June”, according to Moyo.

However, the selection of the executive director is dependent on the appointment of a nine-member executive board that will comprise representatives of member states, the Sadc Secretariat and Sadc energy subsidiary organisations such as the Southern African Power Pool and the Regional Electricity Regulatory Association of Southern Africa, as well as civil society organisations and the private sector.

The executive board will be supported as required by technical experts forming a technical committee.

In terms of composition of the two bodies, the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation and Austrian Development Agency will have seats on both the executive board and technical committee as initial core partners.

Core partners are those organisations who support the technical and institutional operations of the centre through considerable long-term contributions.

ADA and UNIDO have pledged to provide financial support to the centre for the first three years. After that, the centre should be self-sustaining.

Once the Sacreee is established, other donor partners will be invited to join the executive board depending on their financial contributions to the centre.

The executive board will be the highest decision-making body for Sacreee, which will provide strategic guidance and approve the annual work plans and budgets, progress reports and financial statements of the centre.

The technical committeewill provide monitoring and review functions on behalf of the executive board and technical advice and opinion to the board.

The composition and membership of the committee will be decided by the executive board, butwill need to include experts representing member states, Sacreee Secretariat and Sacreee specialist bodies, international partners and civil society, including renewable energy and energy efficiency research institutions.

“The launch date for Sacreee depends on a number of issues, which include the dispatch of the inter-governmental memorandum of understanding to member states, Namibian cabinet approval and alignment with other calendar events such as the Sadc Energy Ministers meeting, other Sadc events and Namibia’s scheduled events,” said Moyo.

Namibia was confirmed as host of Sacreee by the Sadc Energy Ministers meeting in July 2015 in South Africa. Establishment of the centre is expected to be carried out in three phases, the first of which involves the selection of a host country and establishment of the Sacreee The preparatory phase is the current phase which involves the creation and inauguration of the Sacreee executive board and technical committee.

The next stage is the first operational phase, which is expected to run from April 2016 to March 2019 during which the centre will primarily focus on developing renewable energy programmes for the region and resource mobilisation.

The second operational phase, from 2019-2022, will focus on activities to ensure sustainability of the centre after the exit of international co-operating partners such as Unido.

The establishment of Sacreee is expected to increase the uptake of clean energy in Southern Africa, enabling the region to address some of its energy challenges.

An increase in the uptake of renewables will allow the region to achieve a renewable energy mix of at least 32 percent by 2020, which should rise to 35 percent by 2030. Currently, Sadc generates about 74 percent of its electricity from thermal stations.

Development of a harmonised regional policy framework for new and renewable energy has been identified as an important step towards realisation of Sadc’s goal of achieving the balance between meeting the region’s energy needs and ensuring sustainability of the environment.

Sadc is working on a draft regional renewable energy strategy, which seeks to promote the uptake of clean energy and ensure that southern Africa takes advantage of the numerous renewable energy opportunities that exist in the region.

According to the energy division of the Sadc directorate on infrastructure and services, almost all Sadc member states have energy policies in place while only three have so far developed renewable energy policies. These are Namibia, South Africa and Zambia.

Sadc data also shows that only Mauritius, South Africa and Zambia presently have renewable energy strategies in place while Mauritius is the only member state with an existing renewable energy master plan. – sardc.net.

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‘Allied Timbers should come clean’

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THE Sunday Mail Extra of March 6, 2016 ran a story titled “A CEO’s mission to transform a State enterprise” which cannot go unchallenged.

In the story, Allied Timbers of Zimbabwe CEO Dr Daniel Sithole was allowed to pour vitriol on the “old administration” without according those at the receiving end of his diatribe the opportunity to respond to his claims.

We can only assume that this was probably a failed public relations attempt on his part to announce his arrival at ATZ and re-assure the many doubting Thomases who have been critical of his appointment since he possess no forestry or saw milling qualification, being an educationist.

Ordinarily we could have ignored the crude, unprovoked attacks as one of those attention-seeking gimmicks had there been an attempt to presented facts as they are without butchering reality in a widely-read national newspaper like The Sunday Mail, whose online footprint reaches a large, global audience.

That Dr Sithole had the temerity to pass a picture of an old Bedford truck that was used and written-off in the 1980s, long before ATZ was incorporated as evidence of the “old administration’s” negligence in running the affairs of the business, is the stuff of legends.

Dr Sithole actually ran a subsidised but loss-making division of Forestry Commission before he left the group in serious debt.

The division was for all intents and purposes a value dissipating unit.

No matter how hard he may try to malign us, facts are stubborn.

Background

For the benefit of your readers, a little bit of background might help put issues in their proper perspective.

Before Dr Sithole’s appointment in January, ATZ was under an acting CEO, Mr Francis Chinyani, from December 2014 to January 2016, who is the group’s marketing executive.

The position had become vacant after Dr Joseph Kanyekanye left the group at the beginning of December 2014, having fallen out with then chairman, Mr Emmanuel Fundira.

Mr Fundira was to later call it quits, but not before his board had made amends with its founding CEO by signing a mutual separation agreement to enable the two parties to go their separate ways without being bogged down by needless acrimony.

That agreement has been under serious onslaught from the new executive, which seems bent on tarnishing the images of their predecessors to hide their shortcomings instead of applying themselves to the job at hand.

In this particular case, Dr Sithole is attempting to re-write history by substituting facts with fiction by claiming there was hardly any replanting done at ATZ’s plantations; that exports had been halted; that the business operated at a loss for 10 years and that contract milling had proved unworkable. Far from it!

ATZ planted 18 915,6 hectares between 2002 and 2014, while 12 295,3ha were clear-felled in the same period.

A positive plantation development of 6 620,3ha was thus created in 12 years.

In other words, ATZ was planting 1 455,05ha yearly and felling only 945,79ha.

These are official audited figures.

Dr Sithole wants to disguise the breakdown of Allied Timbers at the end of 2014 as if it’s the present situation. Sadly, he is doing so under the same board which toured these operations after they came on board and saw them running.

The current board toured these sawmills in May 2014 which were running before Dr Kanyekanye’s departure.

There have been attempts to discuss sawmilling in a crude and uninformed manner without being clear on the reality.

Erin, which is regularly featured as Allied Timbers best sawmill, had new kilns, and sawing and destocking machines from funds raised from trading, not borrowings.

By running self-serving articles, he has at least shown the level of decay Dr Kanyekanye’s departure.

The current ATZ forests are largely below 16 years, which in itself dispels any notion that we were merely reaping what we didn’t sow.

Responsible forest management demands that one must not cut more than they plant in any given year. The reality on the ground vindicates us.

Beyond planting gum and pine forests, ATZ also acquired EC Meikles, later renamed Allied Timbers Saligna, when other industry players were struggling.

Veronica Gutu, the group’s public relations executive, took the current entire Allied board for a tour of operations in 2014.

They visited forests, saw tractor logging equipment owned by Allied Timbers, Erin sawmill fully working including a functional incinerator, Gwendigwe sawmill equipment bought new from Germany in 2014, Mtao poles treatment plant working on export orders from Zambia, ATZ Saligna logging operations and sawmill, and a functional Mutare factory processing brandering and laminated beams for export.

Contract milling

Dr Sithole also appears to think that contract milling should be abandoned simply because he is out of his depth in applying it.

Failure to contain levels of cutting is a management function which he must come to grips with quickly to remain relevant. His disastrous closure of contract milling is one of the most irrational decisions ever done for a commercial company. How do you fund a commercial enterprise that is not generating revenue?

True to the past when he left Forestry Commission, he is celebrating borrowing as an achievement amidst the turmoil it has done to firms that have borrowed at these expensive rates.

Contract milling is an inescapable part of forestry anywhere in the world because of the seasonal nature of the industry.

It has been part of Zimbabwe’s forestry since the 1980s, with the only difference being that the liquidity crisis confronting our economy forced companies to innovate through barter trading whereupon contractors are paid through timber as opposed to the elusive hard cash changing hands.

Unless one has an over-exaggerated da Vinci complex, there is really no need to be a jack of all trades and a master of none in an environment in which companies are operating on shoe-string budgets.

The complexity of forestry in the 21st century demands that companies focus on their core competencies, i.e managing forests and sawmilling, instead of running everything from forest schools, clinics, roads, road haulage, harvesting to tending forests.

Given that Zimbabwe is competing on a US dollar base, it’s naive to assume the industry can hold its own against South Africa with its deprecating rand, unless we have economies of scale.

Zimbabwe contributes less than four percent of timber in Southern Africa, with the main markets being Botswana (with demand of 90 000 cubic metres), and South Africa (1,4 million cubic metres).

Zimbabwe sells S5 structural timber at US$450 per cubic metre when one can buy the same timber from South Africa at US$289.

This makes us extremely uncompetitive.

South African companies themselves cannot withstand the heat from Brazil.

Major companies from across the Limpopo Rive such as Hans Merensky and York Timbers have closed three sawmills and many more are likely to follow suit.

The US, sensing danger, is not outsourcing manufacturing. Now, if America is out-sourcing manufacturing, what more old and archaic sawmills in Zimbabwe with poor productivity and huge electricity costs of USc14 per kilowatt hour?

Contract milling has worked well for Border Timbers Limited.

ATZ long-realised this ahead of everyone else but sadly this brilliant initiative is being sacrificed on the altar of political expediency. Perish the thought!

The notion that the contract millers are competitors is nonsensical; it’s like comparing whiskey with kachasu.

Exports

ATZ had been active in Zambia and Botswana, operating a healthy export order book there.

It has operated profitably over the years, except in 2004, when it recorded a loss after a decision was made to impair the company’s assets.

On crossing over to multi-currencies, the profitable streak was sustained between 2009 and 2013.

Another misrepresentation is that ATZ had a healthy balance sheet upon its establishment.

While it inherited forests established by the Forestry Commission as far back as 1954, these were not donated.

Because ATZ had no capital to launch itself at the time, these assets were bequeathed through a debt-to-equity arrangement approved by the Finance Ministry, which debt remained unpaid up to 2000 when the likes of Dr Sithole left the Forestry Commission.

That transition saw ATZ go through severe liquidity challenges in its formative years.

Instead of hitting the ground running, management – which is now being vilified – had to get legacy issues out of the way.

ATZ’s early years were traumatic, punctuated by zero profitability.

In fact, when ATZ came on stream in 2002, there was nothing of a forest in Chimanimani, save for Cyclone Eline-damaged stumps which had to be salvaged quickly to stem diseases and generate revenues before the trees rotted away.

What happened in Chimanimani could have been avoided had Dr Sithole and his then Forestry Commission team erred on the side of caution.

They made a controversial decision to get rid of Martin Estate following the failure of Forestry Commission’s manufacturing division, headed by Dr Sithole, to pay salaries and service debts.

Border Timbers, which acquired Martin Estate in Chimanimani, went on to construct roads while undertaking clear-felling, arguably the most extensive ever done in Zimbabwe.

That arrangement with Border Timbers became a major bone of contention in terms of the price of logs used and the fact that Border was allowed to go in and cut what they deemed usable.

And when reconciliations were done, it was found that massive overcutting had occurred.

So dire were the resultant financial pressures that the Forestry Commission went on to award another contract in 2001, which was eventually terminated.

It was these controversial contracts that led to Dr Sithole’s departure from the Forestry Commission.

It is, hence, incorrect to say he left the Forestry Commission “to pursue other interests”.

The desperation for cash led the Forestry Commission to give Border Timbers the best crop in Chimanimani, comprising about 60 percent of ATZ resources.

The Forestry Commission made a loss of US$51 million in 2001, later to be turned into a US$1,6 million profit in the 2002 when ATZ came in.

ATZ’s formation was, therefore, more of a salvage operation after virtually all timber plantations in Chimanimani had been damaged by Cyclone Eline.

Instead of dwelling on the past, Dr Sithole and his team have more pressing issues to attend to.

The fires that consumed Gwendingwe and Chimanimani in December 2015 wiped off ATZ’s balance sheet, and something must be done urgently to repair the damage.

In its assessment, the Environment Management Agency ascribes the blaze to poor fire management and arson, hence it’s up to management to get to the bottom of this rather than dwelling on the past.

As “the old management”, we did our best under very difficult circumstances and with very little, if any, shareholder support. And when the time to leave came, we did so honourably.

It has never been our wish to pick unnecessary fights, but the extreme provocation has left us with no choice but to bare the facts.

The chaotic situation being blamed on the “old management” is nothing but figments of the fertile imagination of those who can’t face up to the prevailing challenges. If there was any sabotage as is being purported, why not let the law take its course.

We stand ready to defend ourselves, even if it means squaring up on these issues in a live national debate on radio or television.

The choice is yours.

Issued on behalf of the old management

 

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Waging the war against hunger

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Tafadzwa Kadani and Livingstone Marufu

Government’s appeal for assistance in its bid to guarantee food security is starting to bear fruit with partners like China, the UN World Food Programme and other NGOs coming in with aid.

This come shortly after Sadc declared a regional drought disaster caused by the El Niño weather phenomenon.

According to Sadc officials, approximately 28-30 million people in Southern Africa face severe levels of hunger and food insecurity and if no action is taken, this could easily rise to 49 million.

The number of affected people in Zimbabwe has increased from 2,8 million to four million but the number is expected to decrease as Government and its partners move in with assistance.

Last month, Vice-President Emmerson Mnangagwa said the country needed about US$1,5 billion to mitigate the effects of drought.

On Wednesday, China’s Ambassador to Zimbabwe, Mr Huang Ping, said: “The Chinese government and people attach great importance to the recent severe drought and famine in Zimbabwe and sympathise with the suffering of the affected people.

“In this regard, the Chinese government decided to provide rice as emergency food aid worth 160 million yuan (approximately US$24,6 million) . . . . to Zimbabwe, implementing President Xi Jinping’s commitment at the Focac Johannesburg Summit that in the next three years, the Chinese side would provide one billion yuan in emergency food aid to African countries.

“Currently, China is working closely with relevant departments of the Zimbabwean side to ensure food aid arrives in the disaster area as soon as possible, and to help alleviate the famine in the country. I believe, with the help of the international community, the Zimbabwean Government and people will overcome the difficulties.”

And WFP Zimbabwe spokesperson Mr Tinashe Mubaira added: “We are currently working on two joint programmes with the Government and other organisations to provide food assistance and also create or rehabilitate assets.” One project is targetting to give 730 000 people 50kg of maize, 750ml of cooking oil, 2kg of beans and cereals, or alternatively US$11 each.

“There are 20 districts which we are assisting at the moment which include Mwenezi, Buhera, Mbire and Hwange, among others,” Mr Mubaira added.

“Previously we built 900 small dams around the country which are being used by locals for different purposes and Mwenezi was our pilot project. WFP will be introducing new projects this April.”

These projects include water harvesting and irrigation schemes, nutrition gardens, dip tanks and fish ponds. Since 2012, WFP Zimbabwe has rehabilitated or created over 900 projects, 114 of which were done in 2015.

Social Welfare Minister Prisca Mupfumira recently assured the nation of Government’s commitment to food security. Mr Innocent Katsande, programmes communications co-ordinator at Oxfam, said they had adopted the stance taken by WFP in extending the lean season.

“The lean season will be extended as people’s needs will go beyond the normal lean season. As Oxfam, just like WFP, we will continue to support the vulnerable after the normal lean season has ended as long as the needs are still there,” he said. The issue is about saving lives and reducing suffering. We hope to continue supporting the vulnerable and build their resilience to similar shocks over time and ensure access to food and water,” Mr Katsande added.

Oxfam is implementing a UNDP climate adaptation project in Buhera, Chimanimani and Chiredzi districts as part of resilience building, and will initially focus on Masvingo, Matebeleland South and Midlands for food and water support to vulnerable households.

“Currently resources to support 13 000 people with water and food through cash transfers have been mobilised internally while we engage other donors. A detailed assessment is being done in the focus areas to inform the detailed response strategy by Oxfam and support fund-raising efforts,” said Mr Katsande.

Oxfam is working with Environment, Water and Climate Ministry, UNDP, Plan International, Christian Care, and the Organisation of Rural Associations for Progress, among others, to support the vulnerable.

“Plans are available to form a consortium to support the vulnerable as the needs are increasing,” Mr Katsande said.

“We also have plans to have our support in areas like Gutu and Matobo.

“With additional resources we plan to reach out to a target of 200 000 in Masvingo, Matebeleland South and Midlands provinces supporting the vulnerable but will ensure co-ordination with other agencies through the food assistance working group,” Mr Katsande added.

Government has imported and will continue importing maize to ensure people, whether in rural or urban settings, do not starve.

The current El Niño is now the strongest on record, leaving millions in the trail of undecorated droughts and destructive flooding which impend the lives of families and children across the world.

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No bridge over troubled waters. . . as GMB defies Govt grain directive

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There is a wide misconception that floods are solely a natural happening. But town planning and disaster preparedness are key factors.

Poor town planning and a shambolic drainage system are to blame for the destruction left behind by flash floods which rocked Beitbridge a couple of weeks ago, it has emerged.

About 780 people from Dulibadzimu suburb were left homeless while their food, clothes and other valuables were washed away when the border town was hit by heavy rainfall.

Beitbridge is prone to floods due to its proximity to Limpopo River, but indications are that the town has one of the worst drainage systems in the country which contributed to the disaster.

Sources within Beitbridge Town Council also laid the blame on their superiors for poor town planning, saying the most affected houses were built on the course of Wamulala River.

There is a wide misconception that floods are solely a natural happening. But town planning and disaster preparedness are key factors.

“Floods are a common threat here because we live near the big river Limpopo, and should there be heavy rains here or upstream the river course we experience floods,” said a source in council.

“It is, however, surprising how poor the drainage system in this town is, to add to that we have council allocating stands right in the middle of a river course, can you complain when the floods come.

“Everyone knows we are in a flood zone but just knowing and begging for aid each year is not the solution, the solution is to plan our town in a manner that can cope with the floods.”

Some residents even downplayed the ferocity of the rains, saying it was just a lot of water which didn’t have anywhere else to go due to poor drainage.

When The Sunday Mail Extra visited the town last week the destruction left behind by the floods was still visible.

Apart from damaging houses, the rains also left a trail of destruction along the roads, sewer reticulation systems, the town’s only sports stadium and other social amenities.

A local soccer team, Border Strikers, which recently got promoted into the Premiership, is also in a dilemma after Dulibadzimu Stadium — their home ground — was damaged less than two weeks before the local season starts.

Beitbridge Town Council chairperson Ms Showa Moyo said authorities were working on improving the drainage system in the town.

“Currently we are working on re-opening the drainage system which had been blocked. We are also coming up with a long-term structure of a drainage system which can cope with the floods,” she said. “It is our desire that should the floods come again in the future, the impact will be minimal.”

Ms Moyo’s statements dovetail with those of town secretary Mr Loud Ramakgapola, who last week said US$73 000 had been availed to address issues of drainage in the worst affected areas.

“We are attending to the drainage system. So far, we have availed US$73 000 for drainage while a further US$40 000 has been set aside for the construction works along the Wamulala River, which also passes through the area between the stadium and the district hospital,” he said.

Caterpillars, excavators and council workers could be seen working to open up drainage in various locations of the town.

Urban planners, however, urged the city to come up with a plan tailor-made to contain floods.

Zimbabwe Institute of Regional and Urban Planning president Mr Percy Toriro said the floods in Beitbridge were a reminder of how ill-prepared most towns and cities were in the event of disasters.

He said many small towns still relied on old plans that had not been reviewed in a long time. “Small towns sometimes operate without sufficient expertise in town planning. Beitbridge is a key and strategic town and I think it should be equipped in that area,” he said. “Also, our towns, even the big cities, are not well planned and are not alive to the possibilities of floods or other disasters. Harare is one example, just look at what happens in the city when we have heavy rains.”

Other observers say a small problem is now looking like a big issue simply because resources have not been dedicated to drainage in Beitbridge Town.

Nonetheless, flood victims were last week assisted with aid through the district administrator’s office.

Each household received 2kg rice, 1kg salt, a blanket and sanitation kits. They also have been receiving cooked meals courtesy of the council, the DA’s office and other partners.

However, more food is still needed.

“The situation is slowly getting back to normal now but we still need assistance because we do not know for how long shall the people need assistance,” said Mrs Kiliboni Mbedzi, the principal administrative officer in the DA’s office.

“We had been cooking for them every day, council has been availing US$100 per day to help so that food can be prepared for the affected people.”

Beitbridge Senator Cde Tambudzani Mohadi added: “We are happy that the victims have been able to get at least get some food but we still need more assistance. I have told those who are handling the distribution to be fair, we are all Zimbabweans, we are all affected so there should be no favouritism.”

About 240 households were affected while 777 people, 492 adults and 285 children were partly displaced. The people of Beitbridge are still living in fear that the floods could hit again as the weather remains unpredictable.

Flooding is becoming fairly common in Beitbridge and in 2013 numerous villagers were stranded after their homes were destroyed by incessant rainfall.

. . . as GMB defies Govt grain directive

Extra Reporter

Vulnerable households in Beitbridge district say they are being made to contribute money to buy maize from the Grain Marketing Board as opposed to the Government directive that food-insecure families get food aid for free.

Government recently made an arrangement for people in drought affected areas to buy maize from GMB at lower than usual prices, with the vulnerable totally exempted from paying.

Reports are that there are no exceptions in the district, one of the most food insecure in the country, as everyone is being made to pay for the staple maize.

The situation has been made worse by the departure of NGOs that were supporting 2 033 families.

Gogo Khuvhelani Mbedzi (87) of Dosa Village in western Beitbridge said she was struggling as she lives alone and did not have anyone to look after her since she can no longer do much work.

“I am only surviving on sadza and black jack leaves as my relish two times a day. Sometimes I run out of mealie-meal and cannot do anything about it because I stay alone and I cannot work,” she said.

“We haven’t received any food aid here, we are actually being asked to pay so that we get food from GMB. My appeal is that Government should first look at old people like us because we can no longer work for ourselves. My children and grandchildren are in South Africa and they are not in a position to help me.”

Gogo Mbedzi, in hope of making up for the lost season, planted maize a couple of weeks ago after rains graced the area – although there is little hope that the crop will mature.

Chief Sitauze, Mr Daniel Mbedzi, said the situation was dire and aid was immediately needed.

“It is very bad especially for the old and the orphans, we need assistance as soon as we can because the situation is now dire.

“There is no aid, the only benefit people have had is to buy maize at cheap prices but what about the vulnerable that cannot raise the money. The cattle are being sold at very low prices which make it difficult to buy food. So we appeal to Government to prioritise our area as it is one of the most affected.”

Beitbridge Senator Cde Tambudzani Mohadi said the number of people exposed to hunger in the district could have risen after some NGOs pulled out.

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School heads, bursars loot millions in levies

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More than US$1,2 billion in development levies is circulating in Government and mission schools and a chunk of it is being abused by heads and bursars, an audit has revealed.

Other alleged culprits dipping into the US$1,2 billion largesse include school development association officials.

Audit reports gleaned by The Sunday Mail show that some school authorities have been duplicating receipt books as cover to lay their hands on development funds.

A school in Chitungwiza, for instance, claimed to have sunk a borehole for US$19 000 – an amount sufficient to drill five boreholes.

Another inflated the cost of refurbishing one of its buses to US$27 000.

A learning institution in Harare allegedly falsified its yearly wage bill, pegging it at US$261 709 and officials pocketed the difference, and gave its annual administrative and tea budgets as US$67 000 and US$5 000 respectively. The SDA “purchased” a bus for US$180 0 when the actual cost was no more than US$100 000.

This was also despite a standing Government directive for all schools to buy buses from State Procurement Board- approved dealers.

Yet another school splurged US$44 000 on general repairs, a figure authorities query.

Most culprits have been flouting tender regulations, inflating invoices and quotations, and under receipting and banking.

Primary and Secondary Education Minister Lazarus Dokora told this paper that such flagrant fraud had informed Government’s decision to consider removing cash control from SDAs.

“We know for a fact that more than US$1,2 billion is collected through levies, and if only half of that was used to develop the schools we will be talking of something else.

“We have a backlog of 2 000 schools and are collecting a lot of money. How then do we explain the backlog in infrastructure development? Some schools are overstaffed and these employees earn far more than teachers and heads on civil service salaries. This has become a conduit for corruption.

“There is a disconnect between the levies collected and their use. Most of these schools’ levy collection systems are robust, but when it comes to use, (it’s a different story altogether). What the auditors observed was shocking. It’s clear the situation cannot remain like that.”

Zimbabwe Schools Development Associations secretary-general Mr Everisto Jongwe said it was “an open secret” that some school heads were corrupt.

“It is not a secret that levies are abused. Audits have shown that heads and bursars are implicated. In some cases, we have received reports of headmasters who call for the dissolution of committees that question the way the would have used money, or if they refuse to cooperate with them.

“On that same note, we are not against the dissolution of SDAs, but we need to be consulted so that we can make an input. Parents are important stakeholders in the development of schools and children and should be involved.”

In 2015, Government commissioned an audit into schools’ operations following indications of fraud and abuse of funds.

Comptroller and Auditor-General Ms Mildred Chiri has previously reported on such activities in some Government departments and parastatals, including the education sector.

One case before the courts involves a bursar in Epworth who allegedly connived with the school’s ex-headmistress to steal more than US$8 000.

Another bursar in Westlea, Harare is accused of converting US$30 000 to personal use, while another in Karoi allegedly helped himself to US$39 000.

SDAs are primarily responsible for school development and hiring additional staff were the need arises, and are funded from levies.

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Allegations of sexual exploitation by foreign peacekeepers

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The latest allegations of sexual abuse and exploitation levelled against international peacekeepers in Central African Republic elicited expressions of disgust on Thursday from top United Nations officials and senior US and French diplomats.
The United Nations on Wednesday said it has expanded an investigation of new allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse by foreign peacekeepers in Central African Republic (CAR) and notified authorities in France, Gabon and Burundi about the accusations against their troops.
“The Secretary-General (Ban Ki-moon) is shocked to the core by the latest allegations of abuse in the Central African Republic,” UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric told reporters.
UN human rights chief Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein echoed Ban’s sentiments, calling the charges “sickening” and insisting the UN investigation “must leave no stone unturned”.
Dujarric said UN officials interviewed some 108 alleged victims, the “vast majority” of whom are minors. The “despicable, depraved and deeply disturbing” allegations concern 2013-2015.
Of the 108 alleged victims, roughly 100 are children, a council diplomat told Reuters. He added that of the new allegations, one is against France and the rest are against Burundi and Gabon.
There have been dozens of such accusations against peacekeepers in CAR, where MINUSCA assumed authority from African Union troops in September 2014. France has been investigating allegations against its Sangaris force, which is not under UN command, since last year.
Burundi and Gabon will be participating in the UN investigation.
The UN Security Council heard a briefing from the UN peacekeeping department on Thursday on the latest allegations. It issued a statement expressing “disgust” and “emphasized the need for a full and urgent investigation and that those responsible be held accountable.”
The Code Blue Campaign run by the advocacy group Aids-Free World issued a statement on Wednesday citing information from interviews with victims conducted by MINUSCA, the UN mission in CAR.
Code Blue said three victims interviewed by MINUSCA reported that in 2014, “they and a fourth girl were tied up and undressed inside a camp by a military commander from the Sangaris force and forced to have sex with a dog.”
US Ambassador to the United Nations Samantha Power, currently in CAR, issued a statement describing the allegations as “sickening”.
“This plague of sexual abuse by peacekeepers must stop,” she said after meeting with victims of abuse by peacekeepers in CAR.
French Ambassador Francois Delattre said the allegations are “sickening and odious”.
“The French authorities are determined to shed full light on these grave allegations,” he said.
MINUSCA’s previous head, Babacar Gaye, resigned last August and some 800 Congolese peacekeepers were repatriated last month.
In December, an independent review panel accused the UN and its agencies of grossly mishandling allegations of child sexual abuse and rape by peacekeepers in CAR in 2013 and 2014. – Reuters

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Fishing for money across Zimbabwe

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Livingstone Marufu
In many urban areas, people are converting their swimming pools and backyards into small-scale fish farming ponds.
Behind the success of many of these fish farmers stands the Aquaculture Zimbabwe Trust, established in 2008 to mobilise resources for the sustainable development of environmentally-friendly fisheries as a strategy to counter poverty and improve people’s livelihoods.
Over the years, it has been on the ground offering training aimed at building capacity to support the development of fish farming.
Now, Government is assisting small-scale fish farmers’ groups across by providing them with inputs, free transport and training programmes in a bid to increase production and improve livelihoods.
The State is urging people to form fish farming groups. The idea is to increase the number of fish farmers from 22 000 to around 100 000 by year end.
Environment, Water and Climate Minister Oppah Muchinguri-Kashiri said aquaculture could contribute to economic turnaround.
“The ministry feels it is one area that is not living up to its potential and more should be done to increase production in the sector. The ministry is encouraging farmers to take advantage of the vast dams across the country and venture into fish farming, which does not need many resources, except water and fish, to start,” she said.
Minister Muchinguri-Kashiri said they wanted to make use of more than 3 000 dams across Zimbabwe in this regard.
Aquaculture is gaining currency, and an example of a vibrant project is that at Saratoga Farm near Harare which has more than 500 people working together on fish farming.
Saratoga fish farming group chairman Mr Isaac Makore said, “It’s my great expectation that the group will move with one vision to achieve our goals and make the community fully benefit from our dams. We have more than five dams in our area but we want to concentrate on the big three dams as we want to guard against poaching, the smaller the area the more secure the place is.” With a workforce of some 800 people, Lake Harvest on the eastern shores of Lake Kariba is now the largest sustainable fish farm in Africa and has become crucial to the local economy.
The facility covers more than 1 000 hectares including areas dedicated to fish rearing, feeding and processing, and there are plans to expand the site to around 1 200ha by 2015.
The project is owned by African Century Group, an investment company based in Mauritius that works predominantly in the food, property and financial services sectors.
Around 37 percent of Zimbabwe’s fish production is for the local market, with around 50 percent exported to Zambia, Malawi, Angola, South Africa and the DRC. Around 13 percent goes to Europe.
According to the African Development Bank, the total potential demand for tilapia in regional markets is 100 000 tonnes per year, suggesting plenty of growth potential.

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Harare residents to preserve city’s wetlands

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Linda Mzapi
In line with Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs), Harare residents have been urged to preserve the city’s wetlands as a way of ensuring that every citizen is not denied their right to potable water.
This came up at a round-table meeting that was attended by Harare City Council, Combined Harare Residents and United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (Unesco) at the United Nations Information Centre (UNIC) in commemoration of World Water Day.
This year’s theme is ‘Better Water, Better Jobs’.
Water stands at the heart of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development as highlighted in Goal 6 on ensuring the availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation. It is important for the success of all the other objectives.
Access to safe drinking water and sanitation is a pre-requisite for poverty eradication, education, gender equality, the reduction of child mortality, improved maternal health, the combat against major water-borne diseases and achieving environmental sustainability.
Those who attended the meeting discouraged water pollution and highlighted that the dirtier the water, the more expensive it is to purify.
“People are tilting wetlands and placing agro-chemicals into the water sources,” said Harare City Council’s chief environmental technician, Mr Chad Mabika.
“Sources of water in Harare are Lake Chivero, Seke, Harava, Darwin Dam and several wetlands that include Monavale, Budiriro, National Sports Stadium and Cleveland.”
Mr Mabika said citizens should work together with the council to curb the shortage of water.
“If the water is not very dirty, it is easier to purify and will be cheap and accessible to everyone” he said.
Despite having several water bodies lying idle, Zimbabwe has been experiencing water shortages for several years now.
Yet the importance of water can never be over empasized as it is connected to our health, our well-being, our culture, our economy and our environment.
Water makes up more than two thirds of the human body weight, the human brain is made up of 95 percent water, blood is 82 percent water while lungs comprise of 90 percent water.
In a speech read on her behalf, Unesco’s director-general Irina Bokova, said there is an improvement in the access to clean and safe water.
“Between 1990 and 2010; 2,3 billion people gained access to improved drinking water sources. This is positive but not enough. More than 700 million people still do not have access to clean and safe water for a healthy life,” she said.
Mr Reuben Akilla, a representative from Combined Harare Residents Association, urged the Government and local authorities to prioritise water in their budgets.
He also said City Councils should not engage in arbitrary water disconnections.
“The city council should have a court order before disconnecting water because it is unlawful to do so without any court order,” he argued.
According to the 2016 World Water Development Report; 1,5 billion people work at water-related places. The report also says that 17 percent of deaths recorded during the period that was under study could be linked to unsafe drinking water.
Part of the report reads: “Nearly 80 percent of the jobs constituting the global workforce are dependent upon having access to an adequate supply of water and water-related services, including sanitation.
“Water shortages and lack of access may limit economic growth in the years to come. Furthermore, good access to drinking water and sanitation promotes an educated and healthy workforce, which constitutes an essential factor for sustained economic growth.”
The report cites numerous studies that show a positive link between investments in water and the economic sector.
Semi-arid countries such as Israel have one of the most successful irrigation schemes in the world.
Israel has managed to create a green, agricultural oasis in its arid landscape by spearheading water technology research.
The Israeli water industry is widely acknowledged as a world leader, especially with its market-leading entrepreneurial technologies in the areas of purification, water treatment, drip irrigation and water security.
Water poor countries in Asia and Africa are benefitting from Israeli-driven water technologies.

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‘Adjust to weather patterns’

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Lawson Madzivanyika
THE El Nino weather phenomenon has come and gone, leaving a trail of destruction in agro-based economies of Southern Africa.
El Nino is a weather pattern that is associated with a sustained period of warming up in the central and eastern tropical Pacific which can spark deadly and costly climate extremes in parts of the world.
The end of El Nino might sound as good news to farmers but the damage it has caused to soil fertility and loss of livestock may be greater and can last for decades, causing problems for farmers in the future.
Professor Paul Mapfumo, regional co-ordinator for Soil Fertility Consortium (Sofecsca) said the change in weather patterns calls for farmers, both small and commercial, to change their farming methods to mitigate food shortages in case of droughts.

0104-2-1-DROUGHT 1
“This is not the last drought to hit the nation, there will be more to follow. While individual soils react differently to weather changes, there are some general principles that can help when coming out of a prolonged drought,” said the professor.
“The El Niño of 1997-1998 was the worst in modern records for Zimbabwe as it devastated crop yields and killed livestock, forcing some people to leave their families behind in search of a more reliable income,” said Prof Mapfumo.
Farmers need to adapt to technologies that come through integrated soil fertility management and mechanised conservative agriculture.
Integrated soil fertility management will see farmers choosing the type of crop to grow and when to grow it.
“Integrated soil fertility management also teaches farmers to combine organic and chemical fertilizer to maintain soil fertility and obtain maximum yields. Small-scale farmers should conserve their land since it’s their number one resource. This will make farming easier and profitable,” added Prof Mapfumo.
“Soil needs to be covered using grass, plant residue and inorganic fertilizer so as to maintain soil fertility. Mechanised conservative agriculture means farmers will be resorting to old farming methods but this time it will be mechanised,” explained Prof Mapfumo.

0104-2-1-DROUGHT 2
“Farmers need to form alliances and take advantage of Government’s programmes of distributing tractors to farmers. This will make it easy for them to access machinery as a community, thereby them cutting costs,” he added.
He said that Government also needs to establish structures that will benefit farmers in the coming years. These structures will deal with the manner in which farmers access inputs, conduct their farming and embark on new agricultural enterprises.
“Most farmers have fallen victims of the maize poverty trap, whereby they continuously grow maize when it is not profitable. There is need for farmers to start growing drought-resistant crops such as sorghum and legumes,” he said.
At a time when decreasing soil fertility, especially due to indiscriminate use of chemical fertilisers and prolonged cultivation of commercial crops, has become a cause for concern among farmers, legume vegetables have turned out to be a boon for addressing this issue.
Dr T. S Aghora, principal scientist at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, who has been working on legume vegetables, says various studies have shown that growing legume vegetables can increase soil fertility that will, in turn, increase the yield of regular crops by a range of 10 to 15 per cent.
Professor Mapfumo added that legume vegetables are all short-duration crops whose life cycle can be completed within 70 to 75 days. Hence they can be grown either as a rotational crop or as an inter-crop between the regular commercial crops.
“In fact, the legume vegetables start yielding within 45 to 50 days of sowing and fit into any cropping systems,” said Prof Mapfumo.
Meanwhile, livestock has not been spared by the drought.
To date, 7 000 cattle mortalities have been recorded, the majority of which have been in Masvingo province, and parts of Matabeleland.
During droughts, new and existing weeds are spread into pastures.
“Pastures are weakened and are less able to compete with vigorous weeds, especially annual species. Stock grazing on actively growing lucerne needs close monitoring as lucerne growth can be rapid after the drought, increasing the risk of the occurrence of bloat and red gut.
“Following drought, the ‘sudden death’ form of phalaris poisoning can occur, especially where pastures are growing rapidly following the break. This is because phalaris is more persistent than other grass species and can dominate,” said Mapfumo.

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False start to tobacco marketing season

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Tendai Chara
The boys – and girls -are back in town! Tobacco farmers, known to splash the cash after selling their green gold, are once again flocking to auction floors as the marketing season started last week.
Although the marketing began on a high note with the first bale fetching US$4,50 per kg, a 28 percent increase on last season’s opening price of US$3,50, those farmers with a low quality crop are threatening to withhold their produce in the hope of getting better returns.
Scrap tobacco is going for less than US$1/kg. Scrap tobacco is a low quality crop from the first reaping.
Mr Wonder Chabikwa, the president of the Zimbabwe Indigineous Commercial Farmers Union, said the marketing season had a false start. “This is a bad start. Farmers were expecting scrap tobacco to fetch something like US$1,50 per kg but this has not been the case. In 2014, scrap tobacco fetched more than US$1,50 and that is what the farmers were expecting,” Mr Chabikwa said.
Mr Chabikwa questioned how scrap tobacco, which he said is blended with high quality grades, could fetch as little as $0,11.
“I am a seasoned farmer and I know that the early primings are low quality and, therefore, fetch less on the market. The current prices are, however, ridiculous to say the least. I know that the buyers make more money from scrap and buying it means they need it,” added Mr Chabikwa.
“I am appealing to the buyers to show compassion. Tobacco production is a long and labour-intensive process. Buyers must realise that farmers are an important element of the tobacco value chain and must, therefore, be treated fairly.” Mr Chabikwa, however, advised farmers not to mix reapings.
“Farmers must not mix different reapings. We have seen some of them mixing different primings and this is not acceptable. They must do their best when it comes to grading if they want to get fair prices,” said Mr Chabikwa.
Zimbabwe has three licensed auction floors; Premier, Boka and Tobacco Sales Floor.
The Tobacco Industry and Marketing Board licensed 16 contractors.
On the other hand, farmers are not happy with the new payment regime which they said inconvenienced them.
A dejected Mr Abel Maromo from Karoi said he preferred cash payments rather than an electronic transfer into his bank account.
“I wanted cash there and there so that I can buy implements and groceries. The requirements to open accounts with banks have changed systems and now we are required to bring our photos. I don’t stay in Harare, all I need is my money so that I can go back to my family,” a fuming Mr Maromo said.
Mr Chabikwa added: “Farmers were not given enough time to open new accounts. The TIMB was flighting adverts in the newspapers advising farmers to open accounts but how many of our farmers buy newspapers every day? Farmers must be given time to open accounts.”
In the past, some farmers fell victim to thieves and conmen after getting cash payments, hence the change to electronic transfers. Mr Paul Zakariya, the Zimbabwe Farmers Union executive director, felt the new payment system was an advancement.
“The new payment regime is actually a positive development. However, some farmers are not happy since the payment regime is causing delays. As we speak, some farmers are stranded after failing to access their payments,” Mr Zakariya said.
The prices, according to Mr Zakariya, were lower than last season’s, and those farmers who did not book in advance to have their crop auctioned were already counting the losses.
“Some of our farmers are not booking in advance and are being manipulated by unscrupulous middlemen. We always tell our farmers to book in advance but some of them do not take our advice.” Mr Zakariya said there were several variables affecting prices.
“The prices are determined by demand and supply. They also depend on the farmers’ relationship with the buyers. We wish that the prices firm so that our farmers will be able to go back to the fields next time,” added Mr Zakariya.
As some of the farmers were mulling plans to stage demonstrations, those with good quality crops were smiling all the way to the bank. Vendors at Mbudzi People’s Market near Boka Tobacco Auction Floors, are happy too and anticipate even better business as the marketing season progresses.
“The time that we have been waiting for has finally arrived. We hope that the opening of the auction floors our sales will gradually increase,” said Miss Anne Rukawo, a flea market vendor.
Volumes of tobacco are expected to be lower this year due to an El Nino-induced drought.
According to the TIMB, more than 160 million kg of tobacco are expected to auctioned this season compared to last year’s 198 million kg worth around US$580 million.

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‘Farmers need a reserve price’

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Livingstone Marufu
The Tobacco Industry and Marketing Board has been urged to come up with a reserve price to cushion farmers against low prices obtaining at auction floors.
Tobacco sales floors officially opened last Wednesday on a very low note with the average price falling from US$2,97 last year to US$1,51 on the opening day. The highest price fell from US$5,70 last year to US$4,65 this year while lowest grades were at USc10.
Agronomist Mr Peter Gambara said the TIMB should review its way of doing business to protect farmers by coming up with a reserve price for all tobacco grades.
“The tobacco governing board should come up with a favourable system that can protect the farmers from buyers as under this current auction system farmers continue to suffer due to low prices. As Zimbabwe, we should have reserved price linked to every grade to cushion our farmers against the forces of purchasers.
“If the bidders come up with a favourable price we can go ahead with the transaction but if the price is lower than the amount agreed upon with the TIMB and farmers, the transaction will certainly not go ahead until they review the price,” argued Mr Gambara.
Total sales on the opening day were US$438 170 for 290 192kg against US$1 489 201 for 438 170kg in 2015.
As of last week, Tobacco Sales Floor was offering the highest price, with an average price of US$1,65/kg against US$1,36 at Boka Tobacco Floors and US$1,03 offered at Premier Tobacco Floor.
Mr Gambara said though the prices were still low, he expected an improvement as the selling season continued.
“We are expecting that things will turn around soon as the tobacco heavyweights like Brazil were severely affected by the El Nino effect hence there is a strong possibility of the buyers coming back with better prices,” he said.

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Breakthrough in paediatric TB treatment

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Shamiso Yikoniko
Sometimes all you have is hope.
That was so for Linda Pasi (not her real name) as she watched her four-year-old daughter’s health deteriorate with each passing day.
It began like a simple cough and Ms Pasi thought that her daughter had caught a cold. She sought medical attention at Epworth Clinic but the cough did not go away.
She coughed. And coughed. And coughed. Until a whole year had passed and her daughter was wasting away.
“In January 2012, Tashinga was prescribed an antibiotic for her cough and I administered it until it was finished. Surprisingly the cough didn’t go away.
“After two months, I went back to the clinic and she was prescribed another antibiotic and a cough syrup but still the cough didn’t go away.
“She actually got worse because now she was always vomiting whenever I fed her. I went back to the clinic and I was transferred to Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals where a series of tests were done and was told Tashie had TB.”
Though, she was grateful that her daughter was finally getting help, little did she know that it was the beginning a new journey of yet another gruelling experience.
Administering TB drugs is not a simple matter of popping pills in the mouth and washing them down with water.
She had to cut the pills to as close to the required dosage — and even then her daughter found it difficult to swallow them.
“She didn’t want to swallow them because they were bitter and sometimes I would mix them with a drink but it still didn’t work,” Ms Pasi narrated.
“After five months of trying to save my daughter’s life with the medication, she died.”
Health practitioners say TB is notoriously difficult to detect in children. And usually by the time it is diagnosed, it would have caused irreparable damage.
The fight against paediatric TB got its edge when the World Health Organisation unveiled strawberry and raspberry-flavoured medications customised for children at a conference on lung health in Cape Town, South Africa last December.
This is the first time that a fixed dose has been customised for children who were so far given regular TB pills that had to be cut to size at home, or crushed and mixed with food or a drink.
The roll out of the new medicines is expected soon and any country can access it through a global TB drug facility.
“If we are to end the TB epidemic by 2030, we must bring children with TB out of the shadows and ensure they are properly diagnosed, treated and cured,” said Dr Mario Raviglione, WHO director of the Global TB programme at the Cape Town launch.
“The new fixed-dose formulations for children will offer hope for the 400 children who needlessly die of TB each day worldwide. Urgent action is needed to ensure these medicines reach those in need and rapidly improve child survival from TB.”
Paediatric TB constitutes 10 percent of all TB notifications in Zimbabwe, and according to the Health and Child Care Ministry, there were about 3 500 such cases in 2014.
Health Ministry Aids and TB unit deputy director Dr Charles Sandy said the country’s monitoring and evaluation system had not been dis-aggregating outcomes of treatment by age, hence data for children with TB was inconclusive.
A paediatrician who spoke on anonymity said, “Syrups will no doubt make it easier for mothers and guardians who had to struggle to crush tablets, which are very bitter, and administer them to their children. The flavoured medicines will increase compliance among children.”
Paediatric dosages for TB took centre stage in 2010 when health practitioners across the globe highlighted that children often did not recover because they were not being given consistent or fixed doses.
The new paediatric syrup is a fixed dose combination of the three most commonly used drugs to treat drug-sensitive TB — rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide.
“These are not new drugs, but rather improved formulations that are dissolvable and flavoured so that they are simple for providers and parents to administer and easy for children to take,” read a media release by the TB Alliance.
“However, the formulations are in the process of being pre-qualified by WHO.”
“Splitting TB pills, gives the medication a bitter taste and usually results in imprecise dosing, making the treatment journey even more difficult for children and their families,” it added.
The new medicines were developed with the support of TB Alliance, a non-profit organisation working towards reducing TB cases to zero by 2030.
WHO estimates TB kills at least 400 children across the world daily, while one million children contract it every year. Most children don’t have access to TB medicines in the proper doses or formulations.
TB is spread by bacteria when someone with untreated TB coughs or sneezes. Children who survive can become blind, deaf, paralysed or mentally disabled.

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Bone marrow transplant cure for HIV, Aids?

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In February 2007, Timothy Ray Brown was HIV-positive. In March 2016, he is not.
The so-called “Berlin patient” is the only person ever to have been cured of HIV, following two bone marrow transplants he received as treatment for leukemia — the first in 2007 and the second in 2008.
Despite the success of the procedure, there’s no actual cure for HIV, nor is there a cure for Aids.
“At the time we were doing the transplant, we knew we were doing something very special that could change the whole medical world if it worked,” German physician, Gero Hütter, said of the operation.
Medical advances have certainly changed the meaning of coping with HIV — indeed, they’ve made it possible to live a long time with the virus.
Still, it is no exaggeration to say that such a cure for HIV could change the world for the approximately 35 million people in it who are living with the virus. So why hasn’t it?
In short, because the genetic mutation that makes HIV immunity possible, CCR5 delta 32, is rare; when it is inherited from both parents, cells lack the receptor that allows HIV to enter, which means that person is effectively immune to the virus. Hütter was able to find someone with this mutation and to use their stem cells in the bone marrow transplant, so that after chemotherapy had killed of most of Brown’s blood cells, his body repopulated with HIV-resistant cells.
What Hütter did, then, was kill two birds with one stone: were there more people with two such mutations, procedures like this might be more mainstream. Only about one percent of people with Northern European heritage have two copies of the CCR5 delta 32 mutation, which poses an intimidating challenge when time is of the essence, as it is bound to be in the case of a bone marrow transplant.
And then, the similar procedures performed in six other patients haven’t taken — according to the Guardian, all these people passed away within the year. Brown seems to be something of a biological anomaly. But Professor Michael Farzan, vice chairman of the Department of Immunology and Microbial Science at the Scripps Research Institute, believes he might be able to make an HIV vaccine using the CCR5 mutation.
“The vaccine binds to the virus and prevents it from getting inside your cells in the first place,” he told the Guardian. “And if you’re already infected, it can prevent it from spreading to further cells and replicating.”
He was careful to caution, however, that the vaccine wouldn’t be a true cure, because it wouldn’t be able to eradicate the virus from the body entirely; cells would instead be mostly impervious to the virus, so patients would essentially go into “a state of biologic remission, meaning they can live without drugs” — and without eventually developing Aids.
As the Guardian reported, CCR5 isn’t the only gene that holds promise for ending HIV. Professor Reuben Harris of the University of Minnesota has identified “a particular family of genes called APOBEC3, which produces antiretroviral enzymes”, and certain genes of that APOBEC3 family are particularly good at preventing HIV from copying itself after transmission. That is another avenue for those studying genetic therapy.
And while none will ever be bulletproof, this sort of natural immunity method holds a huge amount of promise for putting an end to HIV and Aids diagnoses.
But recent breakthroughs in genetics suggest potential in a similar but different vein of DNA research. As Science Alert reported, the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique, which “allows scientists to narrow in on a specific gene, and cut-and-paste parts of the DNA to change its function.” Using this method, researchers were able to remove HIV from human cells, what’s more, those cells appeared to be immune to future infection.
So far, the procedure has only been performed in a lab, but its success supports the notion that a cure for HIV lies in genetic science. — Yahoo! News.

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Lawyers are human beings too

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One rainy Friday afternoon, a road traffic accident occurred involving two motor vehicles. The first was being driven by a certain Christiano Messi while the second, by a Wayne Ozil.
The two blamed each other for the accident.
The matter ended up in court with Christiano Messi suing Wayne Ozil for recovery of damages sustained during the collision.
Wayne Ozil counter-claimed for more or less the same amount as he pleaded that Christiano Messi caused the crash.
Both parties were represented by lawyers and the presiding magistrate happened to be a certain Mr Jose Wenger.
It so happened that the two lawyers, as well as the magistrate, had studied law at the same university although the magistrate had been much more senior while the lawyers were actually in the same class.
It goes without saying that the three of them knew each other well. The matter went all the way to trial with this fact unbeknown to the two litigants, Christiano Messi and Wayne Ozil.
After arguments and counter-arguments, judgement was reserved and was to be delivered in about a month’s time.
In the intervening period, on a Monday afternoon while Christiano Messi was enjoying his lunch at a restaurant in the city, he caught a glimpse of his lawyer also having lunch in the company of Wayne Ozil’s lawyer.
He was surprised and not amused.
In fact, he was so incensed that the very next day he proceeded to his lawyer’s office, fired him on the spot and demanded his file back as he thought the guy had sold him out. He even complained to the Law Society over what he called his lawyer’s “unbecoming of indecorous behaviour”. He no longer felt “safe” to continue to be represented by that lawyer.
Incidentally, the following Wednesday, Wayne Ozil came across Christiano Messi’s lawyer having what he concluded was a heart-to-heart talk at a car wash with Mr Jose Wenger, the magistrate who had presided over his trial with Christiano Messi.
It would be stating the obvious what went through his mind.
The above scenario is not uncommon in the life of lawyers, prosecutors, magistrates and judges in the course of their work.
A number of questions arise: How should lawyers conduct themselves in the presence of their clients if the lawyers know each other as so often is the case? If lawyers handling the same case from opposite sides meet in public, how are they to behave?
Are they to pretend that they don’t know each other until after judgment is passed in that case?
If they exhibit familiarity with each other in the presence of their clients, how are the clients supposed to feel?
Are judges, magistrates and prosecutors to ignore lawyers when they meet them in public places lest they be accused of dabbling in corruption?
I will attempt answers to some of these questions.
I wish, however, to stress that this discussion is not connected to or concerned with those alleged underhand dealings or corrupt activities that certain members of the justice delivery system have sometimes been accused of.
To start with, it is well known that the legal profession is a restricted community. By this is meant that only those who have the requisite minimum entry qualifications qualify to be its members.
Accordingly, chances are very high that those in the profession end up knowing each other.
In any event, many would have gone to the same university and shared accommodation and notes during the struggle for the law degree.
They naturally become acquainted to each other for many years. Needless to say, some would have become much more than just classmates.
Furthermore, the longer a lawyer stays in practice, the more he or she gets to know other lawyers.
Annual events such as the winter or summer schools mean lawyers end up knowing each other better. There are many workshops and mini-conferences where lawyers always meet and mingle as happens in other sectors.
During the course of their work, lawyers exchange documents and hold meetings to resolve their clients’ disputes. For instance, if a lawyer has 20 files on his desk, it means he interacts with probably a minimum of 15 lawyers.
With respect to judges and magistrates, it is common cause that these are far fewer than lawyers.
Naturally, virtually all lawyers know all judges and/or magistrates in their city. The situation may be even “worse” in small places such as Guruve, Murambinda, Gwanda or Zvishavane where there may only be two magistrates and perhaps a handful of lawyers.
These people end up being drinking or church mates.
The long and short of my argument is that the public should not worry when lawyers representing opposing clients talk to each other.
All lawyers are officers of the court and, therefore, their first duty is to the court. In all their dealings, they have to be candid not only with their clients but also with the court.
If, upon discovering any information or evidence that tends to show that the client’s case is likely weak or unsustainable, a good lawyer has a duty to make this fact known to the client and even advise that it may be prudent to withdraw the claim or defence.
That way, the client is saved both money and precious time.
So, apart from the duty to the court, the lawyer also has a duty to his client. It matters not that the lawyer will give such advice merely because he is “friends” with the lawyer on the opposite side.
No.
Indeed, it would be a scandal of unimaginable proportions if a lawyer were to compromise his client’s case for the sake of a lawyer friend on the opposite side. I contend that such a thing has never and can never happen.
In fact, that two opposing lawyers know each other well often works to the advantage of litigants. It means negotiations will be easier to conduct and matters quicker to resolve.
It is always an advantage to go to the negotiating table knowing in advance who is on the other side.
Then there are those situations involving advocates. As a rule, advocates do not take instructions directly from clients. They interact with the instructing lawyer.
It may, therefore, be said that the lawyer is the advocate’s client.
Now, imagine a situation in which the instructing lawyer has two cases to be heard by the same judge on the same day, one after the other.
In the first case, the lawyer will be instructing the advocate and in the second matter, he will be arguing against the same advocate.
This occurs quite frequently in our courts and legal services users should not be unduly perturbed merely because the advocate and the lawyer know each other well and are in fact “friends”.
With respect to judges and magistrates, they will never recuse themselves from a case simply because they know one of the lawyers in the matter.
Judges or magistrates normally only remove themselves from a case when they are personally known to one of the litigants.
Sometimes instead of walking out on a case for the reason that they know one of the parties, the judges will announce in open court that they are acquainted with one of the litigants and that they can only proceed with the case upon the other party confirming they are comfortable with this.
I reiterate that there is absolutely nothing wrong with lawyers socially interacting with each other.
If such conduct were outlawed, lawyers’ lives would be very difficult and I can bet my last bond coin that there would be a great shortage of lawyers throughout the world as only a handful of people would opt pursue the career.
The above notwithstanding, lawyers on opposite sides should conduct themselves with restraint when they are in the presence of their clients, particularly in sensitive and emotional cases like divorce.
In criminal trials, the situation is much the same.
Prosecutors, especially in murder trials where the deceased’s relatives may be in attendance, are hardly ever seen “cuddling” with the accused’s lawyer. The same goes in all other criminal cases where the victim of the offence will be praying that the accused be convicted.
They remain professional at all times as the matter will really be between the State and the accused person and not between the defence lawyer and the prosecutor.
It is my contention that prosecutors in Zimbabwe always go about their work with due regard.
All in all, lawyers, advocates, prosecutors, magistrates and judges are just different parts of the same engine that must necessarily work together to deliver justice.

Tichawana Nyahuma is a legal practitioner who writes in his personal capacity. Feedback: nyahuma.t@gmail.com

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From the frying pan into the fire

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Harmony Agere
The El Nino weather pattern which caused drought in Southern Africa and other parts of the world in the 2015-16 cropping season is now breaking into a neutral phase but could degenerate into its opposite phenomenon, the La Nina, thereby creating a possibility of heavy rainfall and flooding during the next season.
According to climate scientists, current projections show that the El Nino is now subsiding and could be over by mid-year.
The same projections, however, show that there is a 50 percent chance that the phenomenon could be succeeded by La Nina.
La Nina is the opposite condition of El Nino and whilst the latter causes high temperatures and dry spells; the former is characterised by heavy rainfall, floods and violent storms.
The weather pattern is a great threat to agricultural productivity and food security, and could also trigger a humanitarian crisis in Zimbabwe and the Sadc region at large.
About 16 million people in the region are already food insecure following the El Nino-induced drought and governments have now been urged to be on high alert on the possibility of another disastrous season, this time due to La Nina.
Answering questions from journalists at the 19th Southern Africa Regional Climate Outlook Forum (Sarcof) conference held in Harare last week, the Sadc Climate Services Centre (CSC) representative, Mr Bradwell Garanganga confirmed the threat of La Nina but emphasised that a clearer picture can only be available in August.
“Current projections show that El Nino is transiting to a neutral phase and La Nina could gradually take over around November and December,” he said.
“However, there is still little data and we can only have a clearer picture in August when we do our regional forecast but, yes, that possibility exists.”
While Mr Garanganga emphasised that current predictions should never be taken as conclusive, he also revealed that two-thirds of the methods used to make the predictions indicated a possibility of the risk.
Addressing attendants at the same function, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Zimbabwe country co-ordinator, Ms Verity Nyagah said researches had established that there is over 50 percent chance of having La Nina in Sadc.
“Unfortunately, scientific evidence is indicating that these extreme events are likely to continue and with a more than 50 percent likelihood of a La Nina, a phenomena that usually follows El Nino and which is characterised by heavy rains and flooding in Southern Africa, may persist into 2017,” she said.
She said countries in the Sadc region should now join hands together to come up with early warning systems so that countries can be better prepared to deal with such disasters.
Minister of Environment, Water and Climate; Honourable Oppah Muchinguri Kashiri, said while El Nino is retreating, the country and the region should brace for worse conditions.
“While we welcome that the peak of the El Nino is over for now in some countries, we need to know as soon as possible what is in store for us in 2016-17,” she said.
“We need to be more prepared this time. All of us have learned a lot from this El Nino-induced drought.
“I am almost certain we should expect more surprises, including extremes in our weather and climate. The time has come for all of us to adapt and brace for the future.”
Minister Muchinguri encouraged governments in the Sadc region to invest in research.
Following revelations of a possible La Nina, it has also emerged that Zimbabwe’s infrastructure may not be able to cope with floods.
Dr Nsadisa Faka from CSC who presented a research paper on Sadc’s preparedness to deal with floods said while Zimbabwe was well prepared to deal with floods especially in the Zambezi River basin, there wasn’t adequate infrastructure to contain floods in the rest of the country.
“We would like to commend Zimbabwe because it is one of the countries which are ready to act in case floods happen,” he said.
“But a lot can be done to improve the infrastructure to deal with the floods.
“The infrastructure in Zimbabwe right now cannot stand floods.”
Dr Faka also reviewed that work is now being done to establish a regional early warning system to help Sadc prepare for such disasters.
He encouraged governments to support the initiative by contributing resources needed to set up a regional network.
Meteorological services organisations in Sadc have also been urged to contribute weather data for the initiative to work.
Stakeholders in agricultural industries, however, lament that in as much as meteorology has improved in Zimbabwe, its products are not reaching the common farmer as they are too complex to comprehend.
In many cases, the forecast is thrown as a bunch of figures and diagrams that need to be condensed for most farmers to understand them.
University of Zimbabwe lecturer, Ms Juliet Gwenzi, said for farmers to gain trust in the weather forecast and benefit from it, efforts should be made to give meaning to the predictions.
She said data collection for weather predictions should start from the smallest possible area rather than large scale where forecasts mainly give prominence starting with districts and provinces.
The Meteorological Services Department director, Dr Amos Makarau, said plans are already in place to make forecasts more comprehensible.
“We are working towards that and move from just being the announcer, we want our products to assist farmers in a real manner,” he said.
“We are also looking at providing the forecast in all official languages.”
Meanwhile, Mr Garanganga also revealed that the Sadc secretariat is working with member states to establish a regional appeals committee to raise food and aid for drought affected people in the Sadc region.
About three million people in Zimbabwe need food aid while about 16 million in the Sadc region are food insecure.

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